Aviad Ben Izhak
This article aims to answer many questions and remarks I received, while expending into further aspects of this vast area. This time, I will talk of surnames in general.
I will describe the main ways surnames were given, without covering all ways, since there are hundreds of thousands of “Jewish” surnames and full coverage is impossible.
One of the largest groups is based on the name of the father
This is the source of surnames such as Abrahamov, Abramson, Abrahams, Abramfor, and more.
The same is true for Yaakov – Yankelevich, Yaakobi, Kaufman and Koppel.
Lazarson (son of Lazar), Phillipson, Mendelson and more were created in a similar way.
One large group comes from the name of the mother
The former President of Israel Rivlin (Rivka), Tzirlin (Tzilla) and the Beilinson Hospital (Bella).
You might be surprised to find that Esterman is “husband of Ester” or that Perlman is “husband of Pnina/Perla”.
Dozens of surnames were given to Cohen’s and Levi's
Catz, Cohen, Cahana, Kagan, Kaplan, etc. Cohen and Kagan are actually the same name; H does not exist in Russian and therefore, Horovitz became Gurevich and even sometimes Garbuz.
Levi became Levy, Levit, Segal, Levin, etc.
Another large group is based on names of places
so many of them were long forgotten such that even the people that carry the surname don’t know it’s based on a certain village or town. Just a few examples – Sanaani (Sanaa), Huldai (Hulda), Florentine neighborhood in Tel Aviv (Florence), Martziano (Marseille), Elkalay (Alkale, there were two of those in Spain), and Warsofsky (Warsaw).
An additional group is based in occupations in different languages
So, what is common to Hadad, Blackman, Shluser and Koval? Blacksmith. Dahan, Ferber, and Mahler are all the same name – painter. And there are many more examples.
A lot of imagination and creativity were put into surnames. Some are based on colors, e.g. Rot (red), Rothchild (red shield) as well as Belau (blue).
Some come from plants (groundsel and oleander for example), and many trees – all surnames that end with “baum” and “boim” are some sort of a tree (Applebaum – apple, Elbaum – olive, etc.)
And one cannot skip mountains – all surnames that end with “berg” are some sort of a mountain (Silverberg – mountain of silver, Greenberg – green mountain, etc.)
This is only in a nutshell, there are so many more surnames and you are welcome to search online as well as at the ANU Museum of the Jewish People website.
If you wish to read on “German” surnames among Jews, I invite you to read the article that is dedicated to this topic.
The author - Aviad Ben Izhak (Lieutenant-Colonel), former commander of the Military Computer Science School (Mamram).
Specialist in creating genealogies and locating family members and roots. Seasoned in creating genealogies that include thousands of people.
Aviad is the founder of Yedaat – Genealogy and Family Trees.
All rights reserved to the author – names of products and companies are independent registered trademarks!